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The heavy rocket Energia has been developed for delivering cargoes weighing about 100-110 tons to a low Earth orbit.
The rocket is universal because it can deliver various cargoes in terms of their
dimensions and distribution of weight.
| General specifications: |
| Full starting weight |
2419 tons |
| Including payload |
105 tons |
| Overall dimensions |
length 60 m, max diam 18 m |
| Full thrust on start |
3582 tf |
| Maximum G-factor |
2.95 |
The rocket is grouped following the longitudinal arrangement of stages with a lateral arrangement of a payload.
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The first stage consists of 4 reusable rocket blocks (block A), fixed around the second stage central block in pairs.
| Block A specifications: |
| Dry weight |
About 62 tons |
| Fuel weight |
310 tons (Lox/Kerosene) |
| Dimensions |
Length 38.3 m, diam 3.9 m |
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| At the first stage one four-chamber engine RD-170 is mounted.
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| RD-170 specifications: |
| Thrust at sea level |
740.5 tf |
| Thrust in vacuum |
806 tf |
| Fuel |
Lox/Kerosene |
| Burn time |
140-150 s |
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The second stage is a central non-reusable rocket block (block C).
| Block C specifications: |
| Dry weight |
78-86 tons |
| Fuel weight |
704 tons (Lox/LH2) |
| Dimensions |
length 58.1 m, diam 7.7 m |
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| At the second stage four engines RD-0120 are mounted. |
| RD-0120 specifications: |
| Thrust at sea level |
147.6 tf |
| Thrust at vacuum |
200 tf |
| Fuel |
Lox/LH2 |
| Burn time |
480-500 s |
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Block Z is the intermediate module which ensures connection between the ground communications and the rocket. Block Z is reusable.
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1. Any load weighing about 105 tons
For example, Buran. Theoretically instead of Buran any other cargo (including an oversized one) can be mounted.
The only condition is that a payload should have its own engine to perform a complete orbit insertion, as it is necessary that Energia does not give the full orbital speed to its cargo.
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2. Any payload in special container equipped with an upper stage
This concept (the former name of it is Buran-T) is based on a special aerodynamic container. Basically there exist three variants:
1. Buran-T + space tug DM + payload.
Payload specifications:
PL volume is about 830 cubic meters (35 m length and 5.5 m diameter). PL weight is 88 tons being put into LEO 200 km high and 81 tons into 600 km high Earth circular orbit.
2. Buran-T + space tug Smerch + payload.
Payload specifications:
PL volume is about 550 cubic meters (23.5 m length and 5.5 m diameter). PL weight is 18-19 tons being put into a GEO orbit,
23-29 tons at the Moon Lagrange point and 21.5-23 tons into a near Moon orbit.
3. Buran-T + space tug Smerch + space tug DM + payload. It is a two stage tug system.
Payload specifications:
PL volume is about 460 cubic meters (19.5 m length and 5.5 m diameter). PL weight is 26-28 tons being put into the Mars trajectory, about 15 tons into a near Mars orbit and 5-6 tons into the
Sun trajectory with a tour round the Jupiter.
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DM is a light transorbital space tug.
| DM specifications: |
| Dimensions |
length 5.56 m, diameter 3.7 m |
| Thrust at vacuum |
8.5 tf |
| Fuel |
N2O4/UDMH, 14-15 tons |
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Smerch is a heavy space tug with long life time.
| Smerch characteristics: |
| Dimensions |
length 16 m, diameter 5.5 m |
| Thrust at vacuum |
10 tf |
| Fuel |
Lox/LH2, 70 tons |
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